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Ontem pela madrugada estava pensando no Twitter e que ele reduz urls grandes automaticamente para um sistema escolhidos por eles. Então, estava a pensar em como fazer o meu próprio sistema criação de urls pequenas (tiny url) e pesquisei um pouco no Google. Achei várias referências que utilizei como base para elaboração do meu e os links das mesmas você poderá encontrar no final deste post.
Primeiramente você deve criar uma tabela em seu banco de dados com as seguintes características:
# CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `urls` (
# `uid` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
# `url` text default NULL,
# `unique_chars` varchar(25) BINARY NOT NULL,
# PRIMARY KEY (`uid`),
# UNIQUE KEY `unique_chars` (`unique_chars`)
# );
Este código foi pego do Abhise no seu post “Create your own tinyurl with php and mySQL” que foi minha maior referência, da mesma peguei várias funções mas realizei algumas alterações para melhor eficiência e também tradução para você. Como no código acima foi adicionado o ‘BINARY’ para o unique reconhecer diferença entre AAAA e aaaa, por exemplo.
O Abhise diz para criarmos tais e tais arquivos, eu particularmente, criei um arquivo de funções onde adicionei as diversas funções utilizadas e simplesmente chamei as mesmas nos seus respectivos arquivos.
—- Para ler o artigo inteiro acesse o link abaixo.
Inicialmente precisamos de uma função para conectar/desconectar do mysql e também adicionei algumas variáveis e “diretivas”
error_reporting(E_ALL);
$link;
$config;
function connect_db_lurl() {
global $link;
global $config;
$hostname = “localhost”;
$username = “USUARIO”;
$password = “SENHA”;
$dbname = “DATABASE”;
$link = mysql_connect($hostname, $username, $password); // Conecta ao mysql.
mysql_select_db($dbname) or die(“Unknown database!”); // Seleciona o Banco de dados.
$config[“domain”] = “http://seudominio.com”; // Define a configuração da URL inicial
}function close_db_lurl() {
mysql_close(); // Fecha a conexão com o banco de dados
}
Segundo passo foi criar uma função para redirecionamento, ou seja, uma função que redirecionasse para URL original
function redirect($url) {
header(“Location:”.$url); // Redireciona para a url.
}
Logo em seguida utilizei a função já criada por Abhise para gerar a sequencia de caracteres. (Adicionei algumas letras que ele não estava utilizando elevando assim muito a quantidade de combinações possíveis)
function generate_chars() {
$num_chars = 6; // Tamanho que você deseja as strings
$i = 0;
$my_keys = “123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ”; // Caracteres que valem para formação de endereço
$keys_length = strlen($my_keys);
$url = “”;
while($i<$num_chars) { // Gera sequencia aleatoria $rand_num = mt_rand(1, $keys_length-1); $url .= $my_keys[$rand_num]; $i++; } return $url; }
Utilizamos também um método para verificar se a chave é única:
function isUnique($chars) {
global $link;
$q = “SELECT * FROM `urls` WHERE `unique_chars`='”.$chars.”‘”;
$r = mysql_query($q, $link); // Verifica se a chave é unica.
if( mysql_num_rows($r)>0 ) {
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
E outro para verificar se a URL já existe no banco de dados:
function isThere($url) {
global $link;
$q = “SELECT * FROM `urls` WHERE `url`='”.$url.”‘”;
$r = mysql_query($q); // Verifica se já existe a url
if(mysql_num_rows($r)>0) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
Por fim, a função para gerar as urls:
function create() {
global $link;
global $config;
$chars = generate_chars(); // Gera sequencia de caracteres.while(!isUnique($chars)){ // Verifica se é unico, se não for gera denovo.
$chars = generate_chars();
}$url = $_GET[“u”]; // Pega o endereço que está em ?u=endereço
$url = trim($url); // Retira espaços em branco do inicio e do fim
$url = mysql_real_escape_string($url);if(!isThere($url)) { // Caso não exista o endereço no banco.
$q = “INSERT INTO `urls` (url, unique_chars) VALUES (‘”.$url.”‘, ‘”.$chars.”‘)”;
$r = mysql_query($q, $link); // Insere o endereço
if(mysql_affected_rows()) {
$q = “SELECT * FROM `urls` WHERE `url`='”.$url.”‘”;
$r = mysql_query($q);
$row = mysql_fetch_row($r);
echo $config[“domain”].”/”.$row[2]; // Imprime endereço para acesso da nova url
} else {
echo “Desculpe, problemas com o banco de dados.”;
}
} else { // Caso já exista
$q = “SELECT * FROM `urls` WHERE `url` = ‘”.$url.”‘”;
$r = mysql_query($q); // Seleciona endereço para URL
$row = mysql_fetch_row($r);
echo $config[“domain”].”/”.$row[2]; // Imprime endereço para acesso da url.
}
}
Olhando o código algum tempo depois resolvi criar outra função para Pegar o endereço:
function take_lurl($lurl) {
global $link;
$q = “SELECT url FROM `urls` WHERE `unique_chars` = ‘”.$lurl.”‘”;
$r = mysql_query($q, $link); // Pega endereço original para tal string.
if(mysql_num_rows($r)>0) {
$info = mysql_fetch_array($r);
$url = $info[“url”];
} else {
echo “Sorry, link not found!”;
}
return $url;
}
Criei o arquivo “functions-little-url.php” com os códigos anteriores e os demais arquivos dessa maneira:
index.php:
create.php:
Até aqui tranquilo, logo em seguida devemos adicionar o Mod_Rewrite no Apache e adicionar as seguintes linhas no .htaccess
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^([1-9a-zA-Z]*)$ index.php\?u=$1 [L]
Eu fiz o meu dessa maneira, como foi descrito nas referências, realizando algumas modificações. Tudo funcionou bem.
Como eu utilizo o sistema wordpress e gostaria de utilizar o mesmo (que já usava mod_rewrite) junto dessa minha nova funcionalidade tive que pesquisar mais sobre este módulo para apache. Então caso você deseje utilizar este sistema junto ao seu sistema WordPress faça da seguinte maneira:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f # Verifica se a página acessada não é um arquivo real
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d# Verifica se a página acessada não é um diretório
RewriteRule ^([A-Za-z0-9]{6})$ /lurl/index.php?u=$1 [L] # Caso coincida com a expressão regular redirecione para /lurl/index.php?u=$1 onde /lurl/ é o diretório que está os meus arquivos de tiny-url e [L] indica que é a ultima instrução a ser executada.# Caso não feche com a parte em cima continua nas regras “padrões” do WordPress
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f # Verifica se a página acessada não é um arquivo real
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d# Verifica se a página acessada não é um diretório
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
Para criar URLs acesse o endereço create.php?u=ENDEREÇO_DO_SITE
Para acessar URLs o arquivo index.php cuidara disso para você.
Você pode baixar estes arquivos de Como criar seu proprio sistema de TinyURL aqui.
Qualquer dúvida, sinta-se a vontade para entrar em contato comigo. E em breve estou pensando em disponibilizar esse “compressor” de URL como um serviço do meu blog. Lembrando que você não deve ter pastas com nomes do mesmo tamanho que o utilizado pelo L-Url.
Abraço a todos,
Matheus Bratfisch
PS: Eu tinha feito algo mais bonito, com Objetos e tudo mais, porém após ter feito os códigos e tentar testar descobri que o meu PHP não estava atualizado, então assim que eu atualizar o mesmo eu testo e posto as modificações para você.
Referências:
—- “Tiny Url”:
www.php.net
Wynia.org
htmlCenter
—- “Mod Rewrite”:
Apache Mod Rewrite
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