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Creating your own Url shortener.

Published by Matheus (X-warrior) Bratfisch on May 9, 2009

Good Night,

Here I will show you how to create your own url shortener.

First of all you need to create a table like this:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `urls` (
`uid` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`url` text default NULL,
`unique_chars` varchar(25) BINARY NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`uid`),
UNIQUE KEY `unique_chars` (`unique_chars`)
);

This code was taken from Abhise in this post “Create your own tinyurl with php and mySQL” that was my bigest reference, from it I took some functions and update other ones to be more efficient. For an example I changed the field to BINARY so it be CASE SENSITIVE (aaaa different from AAAA)

The Abhise says to create many files, I particularly, created one file with all functions where I add all the functions and just called the functions in the files.

We need a fucntion to connect/disconnect to mysql

error_reporting(E_ALL);
$link;
$config;
function connect_db_lurl() {
global $link;
global $config;
$hostname = “localhost”;
$username = “USUARIO”;
$password = “SENHA”;
$dbname = “DATABASE”;
$link = mysql_connect($hostname, $username, $password); // Conecta ao mysql.
mysql_select_db($dbname) or die(“Unknown database!”); // Seleciona o Banco de dados.
$config[“domain”] = “http://seudominio.com”; // Define a configuração da URL inicial
}

function close_db_lurl() {
mysql_close(); // Fecha a conexão com o banco de dados
}

After this I created a function to redirect to the URL.

function redirect($url) {
header(“Location:”.$url); // Redireciona para a url.
}

Than I used the function from Abhise to generate the char sequence. (I add some chars to elevate the number of combinations

function generate_chars() {
$num_chars = 6; // Tamanho que você deseja as strings
$i = 0;
$my_keys = “123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ”; // Caracteres que valem para formação de endereço
$keys_length = strlen($my_keys);
$url = “”;
while($i<$num_chars) { // Gera sequencia aleatoria $rand_num = mt_rand(1, $keys_length-1); $url .= $my_keys[$rand_num]; $i++; } return $url; }

Created a function to verify if the key is unique.

function isUnique($chars) {
global $link;
$q = “SELECT * FROM `urls` WHERE `unique_chars`='”.$chars.”‘”;
$r = mysql_query($q, $link); // Verifica se a chave é unica.
if( mysql_num_rows($r)>0 ) {
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}

And other to verify if the URL is in DB

function isThere($url) {
global $link;
$q = “SELECT * FROM `urls` WHERE `url`='”.$url.”‘”;
$r = mysql_query($q); // Verifica se já existe a url
if(mysql_num_rows($r)>0) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}

Function to create

function create() {
global $link;
global $config;
$chars = generate_chars(); // Gera sequencia de caracteres.

while(!isUnique($chars)){ // Verifica se é unico, se não for gera denovo.
$chars = generate_chars();
}

$url = $_GET[“u”]; // Pega o endereço que está em ?u=endereço
$url = trim($url); // Retira espaços em branco do inicio e do fim
$url = mysql_real_escape_string($url);

if(!isThere($url)) { // Caso não exista o endereço no banco.
$q = “INSERT INTO `urls` (url, unique_chars) VALUES (‘”.$url.”‘, ‘”.$chars.”‘)”;
$r = mysql_query($q, $link); // Insere o endereço
if(mysql_affected_rows()) {
$q = “SELECT * FROM `urls` WHERE `url`='”.$url.”‘”;
$r = mysql_query($q);
$row = mysql_fetch_row($r);
echo $config[“domain”].”/”.$row[2]; // Imprime endereço para acesso da nova url
} else {
echo “Desculpe, problemas com o banco de dados.”;
}
} else { // Caso já exista
$q = “SELECT * FROM `urls` WHERE `url` = ‘”.$url.”‘”;
$r = mysql_query($q); // Seleciona endereço para URL
$row = mysql_fetch_row($r);
echo $config[“domain”].”/”.$row[2]; // Imprime endereço para acesso da url.
}
}

Looking to the code I thought to create a function to get the url.

function take_lurl($lurl) {
global $link;
$q = “SELECT url FROM `urls` WHERE `unique_chars` = ‘”.$lurl.”‘”;
$r = mysql_query($q, $link); // Pega endereço original para tal string.
if(mysql_num_rows($r)>0) {
$info = mysql_fetch_array($r);
$url = $info[“url”];
} else {
echo “Sorry, link not found!”;
}
return $url;
}

Created the file “functions-little-url.php” with these functions.

index.php:

create.php:

We need to add some lines do .htaccess and enable mod_rewrite.


RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^([1-9a-zA-Z]*)$ index.php\?u=$1 [L]

I did this in my system that uses wordpress (that already uses mod_rewrite) so it work a little bit different. This is my .htaccess


RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f # Verifica se a página acessada não é um arquivo real
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d# Verifica se a página acessada não é um diretório
RewriteRule ^([A-Za-z0-9]{6})$ /lurl/index.php?u=$1 [L] # Caso coincida com a expressão regular redirecione para /lurl/index.php?u=$1 onde /lurl/ é o diretório que está os meus arquivos de tiny-url e [L] indica que é a ultima instrução a ser executada.

# Caso não feche com a parte em cima continua nas regras “padrões” do WordPress
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f # Verifica se a página acessada não é um arquivo real
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d# Verifica se a página acessada não é um diretório
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

(my URL shortener is inside /lurl/ directory but the redirect was done in matbra.com/XXXXXXX so it redirects to /lurl/

To create URLs acess create.php?u=ADDRESS

URL-Shortener

If you have any problem feel free to contact me.

Best Regards,
Matheus Bratfisch

References:
—- “Tiny Url”:
www.php.net
Wynia.org
htmlCenter
—- “Mod Rewrite”:
Apache Mod Rewrite

Published inAprendendoMySQLphp

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